The end of 'peak optionality'

The global political and economic landscape is undergoing a significant transformation. To explain our approach for 2025, Senior Director Stephen Adams delves into the shift from a multilateral order to a more fragmented and complex geopolitical environment.

Over the past 30 years, this multilateral framework facilitated the rise of new economic powers and granted multinational corporations an era of unparalleled operational freedom—what Stephen refers to as "peak optionality."

However, that period is now coming to an end. Intensifying geopolitical rivalries, increased government oversight, and shifting political dynamics are redefining globalization's rules. Businesses must adapt to a world marked by strained interdependencies, heightened scrutiny, and evolving risks.

This discussion is part of The Politics of 2025 series, which analyses the political and policy landscape of 2025. The series features insights from our expert team and leading external commentators, addressing topics such as rising geopolitical tensions, pivotal elections reshaping the political landscape, and technology-driven change in a rapidly evolving world. Together, these insights create a comprehensive picture of the business, political, and policy environment in 2025.

Our clients have navigated high levels of uncertainty in global politics and policymaking. As always, the challenge in 2025 is understanding what we know—and what we do not yet know. Taking stock of the key forces shaping these outcomes is an essential first step.

Learn more about The Politics of 2025 events programme, and register for updates and insights from the team.